
INTRODUCTION
Health has been the foremost important aspect of human concern for a protracted time. Civilizations developed and expired because of wars, conflicts and infuriated diseases, which left none untouched, save those whose health was taken care of by an organized system. Ancient civilizations that developed within the Indus valley, Greece, Rome and Mesopotamia had advanced health systems for their times and therefore the doctors had a status within the society because of their practice.
The two main medical systems developed in India in earlier periods were Ayurveda and Siddha, which were quite similar in concept and practice. Indian systems sought knowledge by which life may well be extended to a number of the popular medical treatises of these times were the Charka Samhita and also the Sushruta Samhita.
The practice of drugs has come an extended way since the time of black magic, religion and supernatural thoughts to a modern science following evidence-based practice with a spread of services extending from, promotive, preventive, curative to rehabilitative given to the individual and community.
HISTORY OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
EARLY HISTORY
India is one amongst the traditional civilizations of the Indus valley. The excavations within the Indus valley especially Harappa and Mohenjodaro showed planned cities with drainage, house and public baths built of baked bricks suggesting the practice of environmental sanitation in 3000 B C. The art of Health Care in India will be traced back nearly 3500 years, when India was invaded by Aryans, Ayurveda and siddha systems of medication came into existence.
The hospital system was developed during the rule of Emperor Ashoka (third century BCE), schools of learning within the healing arts were created. Many valuable combinations of herbs and medicines were created. Even today many of those still are used.
Emperor Ashoka was the first leader in world history to aim to present healthcare to all or any of his citizens, thus it had been the India of antiquity which was the first state to allow its citizens national health care. There have been hospitals not just for people but also for animals.
During the eleventh century The Arabic system called "Unani" was introduced in India by the Arabs and Persians.
PRE-INDEPENDENCE ERA
The British had established their decree in India in 1757. A Royal Commission was appointed to research the causes of the extremely unsatisfactory condition of health within the British army stationed in India. The commission identified the requirement for the protection of water supplies, construction of drains and prevention of epidemics in the civil population for safeguarding the health of the land army.
In 1896, an epidemic of plague altered the government for the urgent need for the improvement of public health. In Calcutta the All-India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, was established with aid from the Rockefeller foundation. The health survey and Development Committee (Bhore Committee) was appointed by the govt. of India to survey the prevailing position in respect to health conditions and health organization within the country and to create recommendations for the longer-term development. In 1946 the Bhore committee recommended a brief term and long-term programmed for the attainment of reasonable health services supported by the concept of recent health practice.
POST-INDEPENDENCE ERA
India became independent in 1947 with a new concept of creating a state. The burden of improving the health of individuals and widening the scope of health measures arrived at the middle and states. Government appointed various committees for health analysis within the country.
the concept of "Health for All 2000 A.D. was launched by the Alma Ata declaration of 1978 ‘' and the concept of primary health care was introduced. It absolutely was totally the state's responsibility to supply primary health care to the people and led to the formulation of the primary National Health Policy.
In 1983, the first National Health Policy was introduced. The most important goals of the policy were to supply universal, comprehensive primary health services and articulated the requirement to encourage private initiative in health care service delivery.
1980-90 the amount of Neoliberal economic and health sector reform that were geared toward increasing the importance of the private sector and desire to utilize private sector resources for addressing public health goals, and Liberalization of the insurance sector to supply the health financing system.
In the year of 2000, the national population policy (NPP) was announced to handle the unmet need of contraception, health care infrastructure, and health personnel, and to produce integrated delivery for basic reproductive and child care services.
Nearly 20 years after the primary health policy, the 2nd National Health Policy was introduced in 2002. The NPH set a new policy framework to attain public health goals by increasing access to the decentralized public health system by establishing new infrastructure indifferent area and upgrading the infrastructure of existing institutions.
Recently in 2005, the govt of India has launched the National Rural Health Mission with the goal of improving the supply of and access to quality health care by people, especially for rural areas. NRHM provides great strength to the rural health care delivery system.
Most recently in 2007, telemedicine and therefore medical tourism were introduced within the healthcare system of India.
Model of HEALTH healthcare delivery system
The challenge that exists today in many countries is to achieve the entire population with adequate health care services and to confirm their utilization. For that, many models are developed for the delivery of health care services. one in every of the only model is –
The" inputs" are the health conditions or health problems of the people; they represent the health needs and health demands of the community. Since to fulfill the various health needs, priorities should be set as the sources are always limited: -
The "health care services" are designed to satisfy the health needs of the community through the utilization of accessible knowledge and resources.
The "health care system" is meant to deliver the health care services; it constitutes the management sector and involves organizational matters.
The final outcome or output is the changed health status or improved health status of the community which is expressed in terms of lives saved, deaths averted, diseases prevented, etc.